Flood Detection System: Real-Time Monitoring and Alerts

 Flood Detection System Working Procedure

This flood detection system is designed to monitor and provide real-time alerts on rising water levels using three key sensors:

1. Soil Moisture Sensor – Measures soil moisture levels.
2. Ultrasonic Sensor – Detects the water level based on distance.
3. Infrared Sensor – Acts as an additional distance sensor for precision.

The system provides visual (LED) and auditory (buzzer) alerts, alongside real-time data visualisation on the desktop interface.

System Functionality - Three Stages of Water Level Change

1. Safe Condition (Green LED) - No Flood Risk

• At the start of the video:
• Soil moisture is at a safe level, as detected by the soil moisture sensor.
• The ultrasonic and infrared sensors detect that the water level is at a safe distance.
• The LED remains green, indicating normal conditions.
• The desktop interface displays high-distance values, confirming that the water is far from dangerous levels.

2. Warning Condition (Yellow LED) - Rising Water Level

• At 2 seconds into the video, the hand moves closer to the sensors, simulating rising water.
• The distance measured by the sensors decreases, indicating an increase in water level.
• The system reacts by turning the LED yellow, signalling an early warning.
• The desktop interface updates to show a lower distance value, reflecting the rising water level.

3. Danger Condition (Red LED & Buzzer) - Critical Flood Level

• At 3 seconds into the video, the hand moves even closer, simulating a dangerously high water level.
• The ultrasonic and infrared sensors detect that the water level has reached a critical threshold.
• The LED turns red, and the buzzer activates, indicating imminent flood danger.
• The desktop interface shows the lowest distance value, confirming high flood risk.

Testing the Soil Moisture Sensor: Ensuring Accurate Flood Detection

The soil moisture sensor plays a critical role in flood detection by measuring the water content in the soil. To ensure its accuracy and responsiveness, we conducted a separate testing procedure by submerging the sensor in muddy water, simulating extreme soil moisture conditions.

Testing Procedure

1. Initial Condition - Safe Moisture Level (Green LED)

   • Before submersion, the sensor detects normal or low soil moisture levels.
   • The LED remains green, indicating a safe condition where the soil is not excessively wet.
   • No buzzer sound is emitted, confirming the system is stable.

2. Submersion in Muddy Water - High Moisture Detected

   • The sensor is dipped into muddy water, instantly exposing it to a high moisture level.
   • Within 0.5 to 1 second, the sensor detects that the soil is saturated and reaches a danger level.

3. Immediate Response - Warning System Activated

   • The LED changes from green to red, indicating that the moisture level is too high.
   • The buzzer activates with a high-pitched noise, alerting the user of the dangerous moisture level.
   • This reaction is programmed to trigger an immediate warning when excessive moisture is detected.